Sensation and Perception - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 825 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2018/12/14 Category Statistics Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: Experience Essay Did you like this example? Sensation: Sensation is the detection of both internal or external stimuli. The wavelength, intensity and complexity? of Light? are detected by visual receptors in the? retina? of the eye. There are two types of visual receptors:? rods? and? cones. Since Rods are mostly sensitive to low intensity light they are employed at night. Cones sense color and bright light best so they are more useful during the day. Hecht, Selig (1937). Rods, cones, and the chemical basis of vision.? Physiological Reviews.? 17: 239–290. Sensory receptors in the body register the stimulus. Through the process of transduction such information is converted to neutral information. This travels to the relevant part of the brain where such information is perceived. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sensation and Perception" essay for you Create order Optic nerve then transduce such visual information to more useful information. Maberley, D. a. L.; Hollands, H.; Chuo, J.; Tam, G.; Konkal, J.; Roesch, M.; Veselinovic, A.; Witzigmann, M.; Bassett, K. (2005-05-20). Perception: Perception means organizing, identifying and interpreting sensory information to make sense of and understand the environment or the information presented. Schacter, Daniel (2011).? Psychology. Worth Publishers. The process of perception is more complex than sensation. Although it is a passive process it involves manipulation of the incoming signals from the senses through the persons previous learning, memory, personal expectations and attention. Since most of the process occurs in the subconscious mind the process seems less active. Perception is the result of two main processes. 1. Processing the stimuli to convert low level information to higher-level information. 2. Processing resulting from a persons concepts, expectations and personal biases. Bernstein, Douglas A. (5 March 2010).? Essentials of Psychology. Cengage Learning. pp.? 123–124.? Retrieved:? 25 March? 2011. Hypothesis: Human beings use senses to receive information from the surrounding. The information travels to the brain and is understood or perceived by the brain to create meaning. Although the data is sensed the same way by all people the perception can be different. This is because our perception is influence by a variety of factors. Such factors could include our previous experiences, our expectations and differences in culture. I will conduct a study to show how people from different background who receive the same information through their visual senses perceive the information differently. The experiment involves showing a picture to the participants in the study. The participants will belong to two different groups with different background. The picture will be a drawing of a hunting scene. The participants will be looking at the picture to answer a simple question. Which animal is being attacked by the hunter with the spear? Is it the elephant of the antelope? The participants will be divided into two groups. One of the groups will include people who have previous experience with photography. Such people should be able to respond to cues of pictorial depth. The other group should include people from a different background who cannot respond to pictorial depth cues. Such could include elders who havent used electronic devices. The procedure for the study is quite simple. The participants look at the picture for ten seconds in sufficient light. Then they make a tick to answer the question of paper. The two answers to the question will be given on the paper. They can choose elephant or the antelope as their answer. With one group having educated people who can perceive pictorial depth they will probably choose as the animal being attacked. However the other group consisting of mostly uneducated people will tend to choose the elephant as the closer animal. . The answers will be checked for consistency within the group; and for contrast with other groups to see how they have perceived the pictures. To perform the study it will be ensured that the participants dont have problems with eyesight. They should be able to understand and respond to the question. There should be no bias in the answer. They should not mind whether they answer correctly or not so that they actually respond with what they think. This will help us know their actual perception. The reason for the different perception has two dimensions. One is that people who perceive in depth cues about pictures will consider the size of the elephant. The smaller size suggests that the elephant is far off in the picture. However this will only be considered by people who have experience with pictures and can think of minor details in pictures. The other group will probably ignore such detail and will give a different answer. The cultural side to this also needs be considered. For people who havent seen three dimensional scenarios in two dimensions, this can affect their judgment when experiencing such a study. Judgment of distance from a picture comes from seeing many pictures and thinking deeply about them. People having no such experience are prone to tick the wrong answer. The results should imply that although despite receiving the same information with the senses, we judge things based on our previous experience. Which animal is closer to the hunter? The Elephant The Antelope

Why Voting Is Important - 1268 Words

Why Voting Is Important Presidents, Senates, Chairmen, Congress, and Mayors all have three things in common. One, they hold extreme amounts of power; independently and as a whole government. Second, they citizens must elect them. Finally, they are put in office to serve and make decisions that represent us as a whole in a positive manner. It is very important to know the candidates and what they stand for because once elected their ideologies become ours. The history behind voting is interesting and imperative knowledge for all citizens of the United States of America. From living under the reign of Kings, to becoming free and able, we have fought many battles that were well worth the fight. America succeeded from Britain in 1776 after the American Revolution and became the start of what we know today, a democratic nation with strong morals and ideologies. Many wars were waged, some necessary some not, to create our great nation. Voting in America started on January 7, 1789 during the first presidential election. In no way would this vote be credible in today’s society due to the fact only wealthy, white, men were able to vote. Shocking, right? Not only were blacks and women excluded but young white men as well! The initial Constitution states â€Å"all inhabitants†¦who are worth fifty pounds† are able to vote. In 1807 the requirement is written to specify only white men. In the 1820’things started becoming more equal for the white men, no more property requirements. What aboutShow MoreRelatedWhy Voting Is Important For Public Policy853 Words   |  4 Pages Voting is very essential and one of the easiest methods to influence public policy. You just need to be registered, and go to a polling station. It is simple because the government encourages people to vote, to hear a broad range of opinions. It is a form of direct democracy because when you vote, it directly affects the side or issue you support. 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This year there were people going to vote even when hurricane sandy hit parts of their neighborhood, destroyed their houses or flooded several ways for them to get to their voting station, but they still voted. They’re is people who went toRead MoreWhy Young People Do Not Vote?986 Words   |  4 Pages18-29, in 2012 only 45% of them voted. These young people make up one fifth, or 21%, of the eligible voting population, yet they often do not vote. Voting is a tremendous gift. Young people in many other countries around the world have to fight to gain this right. In America, voting is often taken for granted by all age groups, but the youth take it for granted the most. In this paper, the reason why young people do not vote will be e xplored and solutions as to how to get them to vote will be proposedRead MoreNews Media And Voting Preferences Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe news media plays an important role in society. 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Othello Prelim Essay Free Essays

When the aspirational values of an individual become all-consuming, the relationships of those close to them are destroyed, through the corruption of loyalty and trust. Both Shakespeare’s Othello and Geoffrey Sax’s Othello portray many elements of tragedy, by exploring the relationship of Othello and Iago/Jago, and the way his manipulations distort Othello’s mind. Iago’s zealousness in Shakespeare’s play Othello reflect the elements of a fatal flaw in an individual, and the disruption of the Chain of Being, both being key features of a tragedy. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello Prelim Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Iago’s words, â€Å"Men should be what they seem†, are ironic, as he hides his true self from Othello, who trusts him completely, in order to gain what he desires. His rejection, and pursuit, of the job of Othello’s lieutenant eventually causes his demise, hence becoming his ‘fatal flaw’. Iago’s continued pursuit of his goal leads to the deaths of many, which provides a metaphor for all audiences of the destruction our aspirations can cause. The imbalance in the Chain of Being is corrected in the conclusion of Shakespeare’s Othello, however, Sax’s Othello results in Ben Jago becoming successful, and achieving the position of Police Commissioner. Sax’s Jago psychologically manipulates and abuses his victims, in contrast to the original play, where many are physically killed. Our modern audience expects this, however, because we, as well as Jago, realise that for him to achieve his goals, he has to be subtle in order to avoid detection in our age of fingerprinting and DNA sampling. In this way, Sax’s Jago has to prepare his plans a lot more than Shakespeare’s Iago, which leads to him gaining the position he wanted, rather than being captured. However, both have very similar plans, revolving around manipulation, especially Othello’s mind and emotions. Othello’s trust, thereby his loyalty, relies on his knowledge of the individual, particularly their past. In both texts, his slight uncertainty with his trust in Desdemona/Dessie is due to their fast marriage and lack of knowledge of their lives before he met them. In Shakespeare’s Othello, Desdemona’s and Othello’s sudden marriage, which finalises their relationship, is accentuated by Iago asking Othello â€Å"But I pray sir,/ Are you fast married? † This leaves us confused as to how these characters became truly familiar with each other before their marriage, and foreshadows what is to later come. Sax portrays Othello’s niggling doubt towards Dessie as due to her silence about her boarding school days, when she met Lulu. However, Dessie defends herself against his accusations of her being secretive, by shouting, â€Å"It’s always you talking and me listening!† This frame is a close-up, overhead shot of Dessie, emphasising how vulnerable she is to Othello, and foreshadowing the circumstances of her death. Othello’s distorted trust enables Iago’s plan to succeed, because he puts his loyalties in the wrong hands. Sax portrays Ben Jago as a police officer, who we and also Othello, expect to be just and honest, as police uphold and enforce the law. Similarly, Shakespeare’s Iago held a position that was expected to be trusted, as a part of the army who were assigned the role of protecting their country. This fallibility of Othello’s trust and loyalty allowed Iago to manipulate him such that he was able to isolate him, and destroy his relationships with others. The relationship breakdowns in both versions of Othello cause vast amounts of chaos, because the Chain of Being is broken. Shakespeare’s Othello decides that Desdemona is guilty before even consulting her, as seen when Iago tells him, â€Å"She did deceive her father, marrying you†, and he replies, â€Å"And so she did.† His truncated sentence bluntly expresses his view, implying that he has made up his mind, and nothing can change it. Similarly, Sax depicts Othello as already concluded that Dessie is guilty, by him saying, â€Å"You tell me what I want to know†¦ Tell me the truth bitch! † These words are accompanied by a low shot, looking up at a close-up of Othello’s face, indicating the power Othello has over Dessie, and makes the viewer empathetic towards her, by feeling weak and insecure. However, we have recurring scenes that show how Desdemona is trying to keep their relationship together. Sax shows this by representing Dessie as a woman in a domestic violence household, especially when she says, â€Å"He needs me. † Similarly, Shakespeare characterises Desdemona as a dutiful wife, â€Å"It was his bidding†¦ We must not displease him. † Desdemona/Dessie’s loyalty to her husband infuriates Othello more, as he believes it is more of a lie to keep the secret from him, rather than tell him outright, and it is the worst thing that Desdemona could do to him, â€Å"She’s like a liar gone to burning hell.† All these little aspects of Desdemona/Dessie and Othello’s relationship, in both Shakespeare’s and Sax’s Othello, combine to cause the destruction of it, upon which the whole play is hinged upon. The end of a relationship is caused by many varying factors, but mostly a diminished sense of trust, whether it has a basis to be there, or whether someone values it so lowly that they put their own selfish desires over it. This is true in the case of Shakespeare’s Othello, and the modern adaption Othello, directed by Geoffrey Sax. Iago/Jago’s aspirations cause him to manipulate many people, with the purpose of destroying Othello’s relationships, mainly with Desdemona/Dessie, to achieve the position that was â€Å"wrongly† given to someone else. This holds a mirror up to both the Elizabethan and our modern societies, critiquing our nature and values. How to cite Othello Prelim Essay, Essays